Teenage Alcoholism Essay -- Alcohol Drinking binge Youth Essays

Teenage Alcoholism What is alcohol? Alcohol is many things to many people: To little kids, it is a curiosity. To teenagers, it is ?cool?. To responsible drinkers, it is a relaxant. To bartenders, it is a job, their lives. To restaurant owners, it is a moneymaker. To probation officers, it is a frustration. To actively drinking alcoholics, it is heaven. To wives and husbands of drinking alcoholics, it is a waste. To recovering alcoholics, it is a painful old friend. To us, it is something to be learned about and controlled. ? (Dolmetsch, p.4) The definition of alcoholism stresses the basic elements of (1) chronicity; (2) compulsive, uncontrollable drinking; (3) intoxication; and (4) interruption of normal life functions. (Claypool, p. 91) When the drinker?s work, social life, study habits, mental health, or family and personal relationships are affected, the possibility exists that the drinker may be an alcoholic. If the drinker is able to stop drinking permanently, then he is not considered to be an alcoholic. ?For teenagers and adults, alcohol is the most commonly abused drug. It is easy to get, easy to use, and as common in our society as aspirin.? (Claypool, p. 62) Millions of American teenagers drink alcohol. Young people drink for many reasons; whether it?s to escape the daily stress of school or family life, or to fit in with their friends. But sadly enough, many teenagers discover too late that drinking cannot solve any of their problems. Teenage drinking is now one of the most serious problems that young people face. (Landau, intro) In 1977, Senator Frank J. Dodd stated: ?Alcoholism is one of the greatest health problems in the United States and is one that afflicts individuals in virtually all social and economic categories and varying age groups.? (Claypool, pp. 90 -91) From the time children reach the age of 13 Â ½, 63 percent of the boys and 54 percent of the girls have at least tried their first alcoholic beverage. (Claypool, p. 14) Alcohol use substantially increases each year throughout junior and senior high school. By the twelfth grade, 93 percent of the young men and 87 percent of the young women have at least tried one drink. Thirty percent of these students had five or more drinks in a row within the previous two weeks. (Landau, p.15) The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism states that: ?By the time ... ...le to pull through successfully. (Dolmetsch, pp. 88, 115) Alcoholism among teenagers in the United States is becoming more widespread than ever before. Current statistics present an unpleasant picture of teenage alcohol use rising every year. Alcohol use leads to teens having problems with school, family, or even with authorities. They may drink to escape these problems, or even to fit in with their friends. This problem of teenage drinking is now one of the most serious problems that young people face today, and the only way to stop these statistics from growing, is to educate the teenagers of the risks of drinking alcohol. Works Cited: Claypool, Jane. Alcohol and You. New York: Franklin Watts, 1988. Landau, Elaine. Teenage Drinking. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, Inc. 1994. Lang, Alan. Alcohol: Teenage Drinking. New York: Chelsea House, 1992. Dolmetsch, Paul, and Gail Mauricette, ed. Teens Talk About Alcohol and Alcoholism. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1987. Spence, W.R. Drinking and Driving: Murder on Our Highways. Texas: Health Edco. 1998. Vogler, Roger E. Teenagers and Alcohol: When Saying No Isn?t Enough. Philadelphia: Charles Press, 1992.

Margaret Atwood †Relationship between three of her poems Essay

Margaret Atwood is a Canadian poet, novelist, and critic, noted for her feminism and mythological themes. She was born in 1939 in Ottawa, about the same time World War 2 started. Her life was lived in a time of male dominance, which she did not like. She expressed her views of this by writing, and her writings showed many of the feminine views that she believes in. According to a reviewer, Atwood’s writings are obtained from the â€Å"traditional realist novel,† where often the female protagonist is representative of an ‘everywoman’ character, and is victimized by gender and politics. In her stories Atwood combine fantasy and social realism, myth and parody and poetry, and also uses postmodernist devices to unsettle the certainties of traditional realism. The reason why she uses a lot of mythological themes is because her father was a forest etymologist. Many of the experiences that she had when she was a child, influenced her to write about the things of nature. Her writings were praised by many, this can be seen through all the awards and recognitions that she has received throughout her long and productive life. Her most outstanding award would be the Canadian Governor General’s Award for poetry in 1966. Her work has been an inspiration to many and she will be recognized for many years to come. The three poems that I am going to discuss are: The Landlady, Rat Song and Song of the Worms. All three of these poems use strong imagery to show Margaret Atwood’s view of the way that women are treated. She uses several tones in her poems, the tone that she generally uses for these three poems are frustration and anger. Another thing that she likes to use is a run on style of poetry, which allows for the readers emotions to carry on to the next line all the way to the end of the story. Almost all of her poems are free verse, I could not find any rhythmic or rhyming devices used in any of them. She likes to use symbolisms to get her point out, and when she uses them they are direct. One thing that I find interesting in her writings is that she likes to use something like personification, but it is the opposite. She is giving people qualities of animals. Her writing style is unique and interesting, and this style will be seen in the three poems. In the poem The Landlady, Atwood shows that women are stronger than men. In the beginning of the story, someone is describing the landlady and we do not  know who this someone is, but I think that this someone represents men. This person describes the landlady as intrusive and she is everywhere. This symbolizes that women are getting stronger and will be controlling the men. The next section says that the landlady controls the man’s life. Everything belongs to the landlady and nothing to the man. The next section is where the man tries to escape from the landlady, but she is always surrounding him. Even in the man’s dreams the landlady will be there and there will be no way around it. The last section describes how the landlady is overpowering and will not let the man go through her. This poem is free verse, which means that there are no literary devices. The only style of writing that I can see in her poem is a type of run on poem, which allows the reader’s emotions and thoughts to carry through to the end of the story. The tone of the story is fear and entrapment by the male because of the woman’s power and authority over them. I think that this is a poem about how strong the female can be over the men. The woman will be able to control the men, and men will be at the mercy of the women. This is a strong feminist view that Atwood supports and shows through her writing. This is a strong poem and was criticized by an American journalist for being too one sided. I think that Atwood got her point through in this poem. In the poem Rat Song, Atwood is trying to show how the rat symbolizes the woman. In the first section, it says that when the man hears the voice of the rat singing, the man takes out his gun and tries to kill the rat. This symbolizes the woman when she is trying to be heard, and the man is trying to shut the woman up. The next stanza shows that when the man tries to trap the rat, the rat outsmarts it. This makes the man think that the rat is dangerous because it is very smart. That stanza symbolizes how women are smart and men should watch out for them. The following stanza talks about what the rat really wants. It says in the poem, â€Å"All I want is love,† the rat does not want to bother the man or live off of the man, all it wants is some love. This is just like women today, they do not want to annoy men, and all they want are love and respect. The reason why the rat lives off the man is not because it wants to, but because it is the only thing that it can do. Atwood is tr ying to say that women are weaker because men are suppressing the women. In the last section, there is a line that says, â€Å"he is hiding /  between your syllables.† This line talks about how the rat can hear compassion, but it is trying not to be shown by the man. This is a really interesting poem that shows how Margaret Atwood feels about men. She uses many symbolisms to imply what the men are thinking about he women. His style of writing is basically free verse; there is no recognizable beat or rhyming scheme. The only type of literary device that I can see is that she uses a style of run on poetry. This style can be seen throughout the entire poem to allow the reader’s emotions to carry all the way to the end of the story. The tone that she uses in the poem is anger. Atwood is mad about how women are treated by men. She finds that men know that women are smart and therefore are trying to suppress females. Her imagery is convincing and really makes us want to think about the truths in her writing. This poem was written in the early seventies, which is about the time when the feminists’ ideals were strongly implanted into the women of North America. This feminist view can be seen throughout the poem and what Atwood feels is expressed in the entire poem. Overall, this was a great poem with a message to the men on how they are treating the women. In the poem Song of the worms, Atwood tells us how women have been stepped on and taken advantage of. In the first section, it talks about how the worms have done their work and have been underground for so long. This section shows us that men have suppressed women for a long time. The women have done enough work for the men and it is time for a change. The second section talks about how all the women want is to be loved. This section is similar to a part in the first poem where it says that all women want is to be loved. The twist here is that they are rejected by the â€Å"boots† of men. This symbolizes the men stepping on the women and treating them like dirt. The women have been stepped on long enough and they know what being stepped on is about. The next stanza says, â€Å"Soon we will invade like weeds, everywhere but slowly.† This is a very strong stanza that is trying to tell the men that soon the women will stand up for themselves and rebel. They will be stepped on no longer and have no fear of what men will try to do to them. The last stanza says that until the time comes, the worms will be in the dirt waiting for the right time to come out and attack. This poem is again free verse and uses a run on style of writing. Atwood makes the worm  symbolize the women who are hardworking and oppressed. She believes that one day, women will rise up and say, â€Å"Enough is enough,† and rise up to rebel against the men. All three of these poems deal with feminism and show what Atwood thinks is going on and what will happen. The writing styles of these three poems are similar. All of them use free verse and a run on poem style, which can be seen in almost all of her work. This allows an easier way to get her point through. Her poems are strong and provocative showing what many people do not want to hear or accept. In the last two poems, they both use certain types of animals to symbolize the woman and how the men are treating them. They both say that men are stepping on women and that the women will one day rise and take down these men. Atwood uses animals because of the way that she was raised up, which was in a home with the father as an etymologist. Her father’s occupation made her enjoy the wilderness and nature, which has influenced her writing today. The first poem is similar to the other poems because it shows that the women have finally stood up for themselves and is now in control. Her feminist views are influenced by the time period that these poems were written in. During the late sixties and early seventies, there was a strong feminist uprising making the women realize that they were like being treated like slaves.

Essay on Cause and Effect of Kristallnacht - 532 Words

Cause and Effect of Kristallnacht The Holocaust was a great tragedy, but it didnt happen overnight. It was a long process of demeaning Jews as subhuman. This started as early as 1933 when Hitler first came to power. However, Kristallnacht, or The Night of the Broken Glass, was like the dam bursting. It was when the government of Germany encouraged its people to loot and burn Jewish shops, synagogues, and schools. In addition, many Jews were pulled out of their houses in the middle of the night and sent to concentration camps. In some towns so many of the men were sent to the camps that the women and children were forced to clean up the broken glass that littered the streets. Kristallnacht was a very significant point in the Holocaust,†¦show more content†¦Aryan were told not to shop in Jewish shops and Jews could not shop in Aryan-owned shops. In 1935 The Nuremberg Race Laws were passed. These stated that Jews could not go to public swimming pools, theaters, schools, etc. In addition Jews were forced to sew a Star-Of-David on their clothes to identify them as Jews. At this point in time, Jews could do very little. Some were arrested just for taking a walk outside. So at this point in time Jews were very restricted. One Jewish teenager, Herschel Grinszpan, was living in Paris. His father was relocated by the Nazis to Poland. He decided that he was going to assassinate the German ambassador. He went to the embassy, but he was not able to locate his target. So he tried to assassinate Third Secretary Ernst vom Rath instead. Ironically, Rath was an anti-Nazi. Even though Rath was only a minor official, Hitler used propaganda to convince people that the act was an international conspiracy by Jews everywhere. Hitler made it seem as though Jews were attacking Germany itself. This is what led to Kristallnacht. The act of one Jew gave Hitler exactly the excuse he needed to hurt the Jews en masse and in public. It gave him the excuse for the government to condone mass destruction of Jewish prope rty and businesses. Even though Jews were losing their liberty they still endured it as best they could. However Kristallnacht convinced them once and for all that they were in serious trouble. Kristallnacht was organizedShow MoreRelatedAmerica ´s Options with World War II1302 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore 1935 tensions between Germany and the Jewish population were prevalent, harkening back to the Weimar Republic and the blame being placed on the Jewish population for the surrender of Germany. In 1935 the Nuremberg Race laws were placed into effect. These laws stated that the Jewish Population was no longer accepted as citizens of the Reich, as well as they could not marry German citizens. The laws also provided a description of what would make a person a Jew. This descirption is having fourRead MoreThe Nazi s Plan For The Final Solution Was Fuelled By Anti Semitism Essay4425 Words   |  18 PagesKristallnacht was an incident where Nazi’s in Germany torched and destroyed Jewish synagogues, homes, businesses, shops and schools. The two secondary sources that I will be analysing are ‘What Was Kristallnacht?’ from Holocaust-History and ‘Kristallnacht’ from Britannica. The two Primary sources I will be analysing are photographs I found on History Place and propaganda pieces from Holocaust Research Project. The three historical ideas of the Nazi’s plan for the final solution was fuelled by anti-SemitismRead MoreHolocaust the Japanese-American Internment1195 Words   |  5 PagesGermanic people, or Aryans, were better then others and targeted the Jews as the cause of all previous failures Germany had made. In 1935 the Nazis passed the Nuremberg laws that deprived Jews their rights to German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews. More laws came to the Jews as well later, even limiting what kinds of works that Jews could do. However, the situation began to worsen with the Kristallnacht, otherwise kno wn as â€Å"Night of Broken Glass.† When 17-year-old Herschel GrynszpanRead MoreThe During The Nazi War Essay2221 Words   |  9 Pagesgreatly impacted Jewish life for the years to come. Kristallnacht, also known as â€Å"the Night of Broken Glass†, primarily stood for the Nazi party destructing Jewish lifestyles. The Nazi Regime burned down the Synagogues, destructed schools and businesses. Also Kristallnacht implemented the Nuremberg laws and the beginning of concentration camps. Kristallnacht was a significant event that led to a domino effect on Jewish path in history. Kristallnacht was the stepping-stone in which Adolf Hitler and hisRead MorePeople Were Persecuted During The Events Of World War II1466 Words   |  6 Pagesconcentration camps from sicknesses and abusive treatment. Almost six million Jews and over 220,000 gypsies were murdered in gas chambers and furnaces, as well as from extreme fatigue, malnourishment, and illnesses. Nazis believed that Jews were the cause of all of Germany’s problems and, therefore, should be eradicated. Gypsies were seen as outcasts, with no place to fit in. Hitler ordered them to be exiled for having their own vernaculars and traditions. Homosexuals, primarily men, were also persecutedRead MoreThe Cause And Effect Of The Holocaust1811 Words   |  8 PagesAngela Chou Mr. Folsom World History II Per.2 22 April 2015 The Cause and Effect of the Holocaust Throughout the endless history, there were lots of important and influential event. For example the Dark Age, Enlightenment, Civil War, World War I and II and the Cold War. Over all of these event, there was one event that deeply influence the world and the Jews today, it was the Holocaust. Holocaust, a term that people use to describe the horrible event that happened during World War II which killRead MoreDiction In The Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel889 Words   |  4 Pagesability to respond to such a horrible act. It is obvious that Wiesel establishes tones of morality, condescendingness, and caution through diction, imagery, as well as syntax used in the speech. Although Wiesel describes how indifference has a massive effect on the victims even though by the very nature, bystanders do nothing. Indifference itself shows lack of regard for those in need and that can be perceived as morally lacking, which Wiesel condemns in the highest degree. Author, Elie Wiesel does aRead MoreThe end of the 19th century was the beginning of a revolution in reading in Germany. If in 1840700 Words   |  3 Pagesof literacy made it easier for the spread of propaganda and of archetypal narratives of a Jew. This projected fantasy of slaughter that was spread through literacy would plant the seeds of an event that would cause a domino effect to follow: Kristallnact. The shattered glass of Kristallnacht would lead to the death camps. Read MoreThe Reason Why Germany Lost World War I854 Words   |  4 Pagesslogans began to appear throughout Germany, that stated â€Å"Jews are not wanted here† and in 1935 the Nuremburg Laws came into effect and it stated that Jews were no longer German citizens. Jews where not allow to marry other Germans under any circumstances. In 1938, Germany banned Jews from becoming doctors, Jewish children were not allowed to go to school, and Kristallnacht (attacks on homes and places of worship) began. They began mass shootings of the Jews and in 1942 the final solution took placeRead MoreThe Holocaust And Its Importance1382 Words   |  6 Pagescaused a lasting effect on the Jewish religion by destroying everything they owned, torturing them through concentration camps, and the aftermath of the war. First, when Hitler gained power one of his main goals was to get the Jewish people segregated from the rest of Germany. This was the beginning of what was to come in Hitler’s relentless reign in Germany. His motivation to eliminate the Jews was very clear when he started banning and burning Jewish books in 1933. (The Holocaust-causes). However, he

Mentos Lab - 1260 Words

Introduction: The diet coke and Mentos experiment has been a favorite of amateur scientists, but how does it work? There have been debates, and scientists have concluded that the diet coke and Mentos is a physical reaction, called nucleation. Nucleation sites are areas that have high surface with low volume. Such places can be your fingerprint, scratches on glass, specks of dust, or even Mentos candy (Eepy Bird). Mentos candies have a pitted surface that’s rough when looked at through a microscope, therefore creating a wonderful place for nucleation to occur. Water molecules like to be next to other water molecules, so if you drop something into the soda, like Mentos, it acts as a site for growth of bubbles. Mentos have a high†¦show more content†¦Which soda made the largest Mentos fountain? How can you tell? - Diet coke made the largest Mentos fountain because it had the least amount of soda left over after the reaction. 2. Which soda gave the worst results? How can you tell? - Mountain Dew made the smallest fountain with the worst results because it had the most amount of soda left over after the reactoin. 3. What differences are there between the diet and regular soda? How does this affect the size of the fountain? - The difference between diet and regular soda is that diet soda uses artificial sweeteners, like aspartame for example. This affects the fountain because low surface tension helps bubbles grow quickly. The surface tension in water containing aspartame is lower than sugary water, which explains why diet soda creates a bigger fountain thatn regular soda (NewScientist). 4. What differences are there between caffeinated and caffeine free soda?Show MoreRelatedScience Has Been An Interest Of Mine827 Words   |  4 Pagesmiddle school/high school, was when all of the cool science classes started. We learned about the different elements on the periodic table and we got to take a tour of the science lab and all of the fundament als within it. The teacher showed us all of the different measuring tools and containers, the ways to be safe in the lab like eye goggles and all of the emergency wash stations. We also got to see a glass cabinet of a bunch of preserved animals. He explained that the animals were in formaldehydeRead MoreHow Television Can Aid Children in Learning Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision can still play an important role in their education. Shows like â€Å"MythBusters†, â€Å"The Big Brain Theory: Pure Genius†, and â€Å"The Re-Inventors† demonstrate how math and science can be fun. Showing experiments like, what happens when you drop Mentos into Diet Coke, can you escape being eating by a crocodile by running in zigzag pattern, or taking blueprints from history and recreating the design to see if they would work in today’s society. By showing these types of experiments on televisionRead MoreVending Machine5083 Words   |  21 PagesTK | Cookies | TK | Sandwich | TK | Others | TK | Lays | 28 | Dairy Milk | 38 | Oreo | 295 | Egg Sandwich | 22 | Vegetable Shingara | 05 | Pringles | 90 | 5 Star | 28 | Lexus | 115 | Club Sandwich | 80 | Beef Samosa | 08 | Mr. Twist | 14 | Mentos | 10 | Cosmos | 15 | Tuna Sandwich | 75 | Chicken Samosa | 10 | Ring Chips | 08 | Alpenliebe | 14 | Mr. Cookies | 18 | Beef Sandwich | 35 | | | Potato Crackers | 10 | Toblerone | 88 | Dark Chocolate | 85 | Cheese Sandwich | 30 | | | | Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesdisabilities as valuable assets because they help ensure that the company’s products and services meet all customer needs. At the Microsoft Accessibility Lab, employees can experience assistive technologies and ergonomic hardware designs that enable them to be more productive. Kelly Ford, who has been blind since birth, is shown here in the lab testing accessibility features of the Windows operating system. Ford also manages a team that is working on improving Web page browsing for all users, not

Organ Donation Essay - 806 Words

One organ donor can save or improve up to fifty lives. Kidneys, hearts, lungs, livers, and other major organs have been applicable for organ transplants. Doctors performed the first procedure of this kind in the mid-1950s and since sustained many lives, earning the common name a â€Å"gift of life.† These surgeries have led to many innovative procedures that can solve problems that once seemed insoluble. Medical advancements, such as transplants, are ethical and necessary for promoting the well-being of society and saving lives. For many patients, their only chance of survival is an organ transplant. However, organs come in short supply. â€Å"We have figured that there may be a billion people around the world who are suffering from diseases in†¦show more content†¦To her parents, the chance of Hannah living a normal life was greater than the idea of the operation being unethical. Unfortunately, Hannah passed away months later due to other health complications she e ndured. †But Hannah was the youngest patient to receive an artificial trachea, and the first child to receive an organ made from synthetic materials and her cells† (Moisse). The trachea was working and adjusted to Hannah’s body, but her body was too weak to continue working. Trial and error is an essential aspect in medical advancement. One can only make progress through learning from mistakes and making revisions. The Warren family takes pride in being part of this innovative surgery for their daughter, although unsuccessful. They have hope that it will benefit others in the future and save lives. While many critics contest the idea of medical advancements due to ethical discrepancies, physicians require specific actions to take place to avoid any issues with the patient and family regarding the procedure. For instance, living organ donor procedures can cause both physical and psychological problems with the donor and receiver. Doctors make it essential that both patients recognize the issues. â€Å"To minimize the potential psychological, social, and economic ramifications for both donor and recipient, many transplant centers are now requiring thorough psychological assessments as part ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Organ Donation2225 Words   |  9 Pagespeople die every day, while waiting for a major organ for example, heart, lungs or kidneys’, the reason being they is a massive shortage of organs across Europe, with the transplant waiting list growing, they is need for radical measures to be taken. The author of this easy will define what organ donation is, however the aims of the essay is to compare and contrast the two systems of organ donation, the opt- in and opt- out systems. The focus of the essay is on cadaveric donors,( heart beating donorsRead More Organ Donation Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation wouldRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation Today in the United States there are thousands of people currently waiting for some type of transplant. 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Donors should be reimbursed for their donations because it allows patients to be given their organs faster, will help end organ shortages, and the donors should receive compensation for their hospital stayRead MoreEssay On Organ Donation814 Words   |  4 Pagesunpreventable, yet the process of organ donation and transplantation prolongs life. Problems with the supply and demand of viable organs lead to controversial topics and debates regarding solutions to suppress the gap between donors and recipients. One prevalent debate concerning these problems follows the question of whether to allow non-donors to receive organ transplants if needed even though they aren’t registered to donate their own organs. Although denying non-registered organ donors the possibility toRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent process of procuring organs for transplantation. It will also explore technology on the horizon and alternates to donation. The waiting list for transplant surgery far exceeds the current supply. Black Market organ trade in this, as well in foreign countries is alive and well. Donation is not able to keep up with demand. We have to take measures to ensure those in the most need are taken care of. We already allow people to sell eggs, sperm and blood why not other organs? I will attempt to showRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe boundaries on what it can do to prevent loss of life where possible. One example is the area of organ donation and transplantation. However, unlike many other technologies or procedures which can be built, manufactured, or learned, organ transplantation requires one thing that we can’t create yet: an organ itself. Because our increased life span causes more people to require a replacement organ when theirs starts to fail, the demand has far outrun the supply and the future only looks to get worseRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1893 Words   |  8 Pagesgreat need of a solution to solve the problem of the shortage of human organs available for transplant. The website for Donate Life America estimates that in the United States ov er 100 people per day are added to the current list of over 100,000 men, women, and children that are waiting for life-saving transplants. Sadly enough, approximately 18 people a day on that list die just because they cannot outlive the wait for the organ that they so desperately need to survive. James Burdick, director ofRead MoreSpeech: Organ Donation Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech: Organ Donation INTRODUCTION /ATTENTION STEP A. 1. Imagine that a loved one has just been severely injured in a car accident. 2. The injuries include brain trauma, broken bones, but most notably, a loss of two pints of blood, that your friend is in desperate need of. 3. Coincidentally your blood type matches. 4. Picture yourselfRead MoreOrgan Donation Myths Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesOrgan donation myths have been around for a long time. These types of myths have stopped people from being organ donors as well as stopping families from letting there loved one receive a needed organ transplant. These myths are one of the main reasons for the organ shortage in the United States today. While some people decide to save another humans life some do not because of these myths surrounding organ donation. One person has the opportunity to save up to fifty lives just by deciding to be an

The History Impact of the Telgraph on Society free essay sample

| Introduction Over the course of the next two essays, we will address the factors which made the advent of the telegraph in 1876 such a deciding influence on the future prospects of the technology industry as well as the growth of communication itself. We will also observe examples of just a few of the logistical, financial and distributional processes that go into the publication of a magazine designed for controlled circulation. Essay #1 Before the invention of the telegraph in 1844 by Samuel Morse and his colleagues, news and messages traveled at a much more laborious and protracted rate. While businesses and individuals could communicate by interpersonal communication through face-to-face conversation through face-to-face conversation or written letters or messages that were to be delivered, this was often a rather slow process, due to the fact that the entity wishing to encode the message would usually have to travel or rely on someone else to travel in order to ensure that the message would reach the receiver. We will write a custom essay sample on The History Impact of the Telgraph on Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One example of this is that of how reporters originally worked in the field. They covered various stories and events, however; relating and filing their stories depended upon the speed of the messenger. Consequently, news spread slowly and the public were limited to how often they could receive news. While most newspapers were published daily prior to the telegraph, the frequency of news – especially that of national news – took a long time to publish and update. As the next big event occurring after the telegraph, the Civil War was covered much more closely that previous conflicts and situations (Buckler, Hill McKay, 2006). The advent of the telegraph significantly impacted the immediacy of communication in the 19th century and onward and paved the way for future channels of communication to come, much like its successors. Smith (2001) compared the influential power of the telegraph and more modern inventions, stating that â€Å"The same phenomena is easily seen in the relatively recent proliferation of computers and electronic communication technology† (p. 279). By the 1850s, predictions regarding the impact of the new medium abounded, including statements about how it would make countries further connected, how it would hange politics and business and how it would make newspapers obsolete. All of the same statements were later made in the 1990s, when people were astonished at the potential of the Internet. Whatever expectations and predictions people had about the telegraph, they were right about one thing: the telegraph would be consequential over the course of history. The introduction of the telegraph had an influence in communications on a large global scale, and altered both diplomacy and society. To sum up the impact the telegraph had on the financial realm of the world, â€Å"While a British tramp freighter steamed from Calcutta to New York, a broker in London was arranging by telegram for it to carry an American cargo to Australia. World commodity prices were also instantaneously conveyed by the same network of communications† (Buckler, et al. , 2006). The telegraph marked the first huge advance of communication technology since the printing press, and this milestone allowed instant communication over vast distances for the first time in human history. Until 1877, all rapid long-distance communication depended upon the telegraph. With the idea and introduction of the telephone, the telegraph began to leave its lasting legacy upon the development of society and communication technology, eventually evolving into various modes of communication of the modern era. The telegraph in its influence on technology also empowered individuals and people groups around the world through the rapid methods of communication which took its place, enabling millions to have a voice and to share their thoughts and ideas with others, increasing the general knowledge base and breaking down both cultural and social barriers. Perhaps Ithiel de Sola Pool said it best (as cited in Nickles, 2003, p. 194) â€Å"Freedom is fostered when the means of communication are dispersed, decentralized, and easily available, as are printing presses or microcomputers. † References: Buckler, Hill, McKay. (2006). A History of Western Society. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Smith, Robert Edward. (2001). Principles of Human Communication. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company Nickles, David Paull. (2003). Under the Wire: How the Telegraph Changed Diplomacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Imagining the Internet: A History and Forecast – The Development of the Telegraph. (n. d. ). Retrieved 7/11/2011 from http://www. elon. edu/e-web/predictions/150/1830. xhtml Bellis, Mary. The History of the Electric Telegraph and Telegraphy: The Beginning of Electronic Communications. About. com. Retrieved 7/11/2011 from http://inventors. about. com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph. htm

Terrorism Essay Example

Terrorism Essay Terrorism Name: Institution: Terrorism We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The contention encompassing terrorism has been prevalent over the past few years, especially within the international community. Much of the controversy involved in this topic arises from the legal definition of terrorism and the prejudices behind it. In the legal sense, terrorism does not possess any legal requisite. With that said, it is apparent that terrorism is undefined under criminal legislations. Regardless, terrorism has garnered various definitions based on its effects on society as well as social or political motivations. For instance, terrorism refers to violent activities devised to exude fear from people, carried out for ideological, religious or nationalist reasons, and intentionally ignore the safety of civilians. Nonetheless, such definitions are partial since other organizations engage in the same tactics but do not fall under terrorist groups. Regardless of these contentions, terrorism is indeed a recurrent factor in the contemporary age. Researchers have developed various assumptions or hypotheses that establish the motives behind various acts of terror in different parts of the world. Motives for Terrorism Ideological Terrorism: Baader-Meinhof in Germany Ideological terrorism focuses on promoting or furthering a specific belief system by committing acts of violence and terror against governments and civilians. Specifically, it involves certain factions that engage in acts of terror in order to impose their political principles on other system. This form of terrorism arose from revolutionary terrorism, which was mostly in the form of guerrilla warfare. Nonetheless, ideological terrorism originated from anti-colonialism. This type of terrorism arose from the ideology within urban terrorism and urban guerrilla. According to White (2012), such ideas derived from Frantz Fanon. Fanon alleged that the Western influences dehumanized non-Western people leading to the destruction of their cultures and substituting them with Western standards. As a result, the people began experiencing exasperations from their perpetual identity predicament. This predicament asserted that for them to succeed, it was vital to reject their heritage. One of the modern terrorist groups practicing ideological terrorism is the left-wing terrorist group, the Baader-Meinhof. The Baader-Meinhof faction was one of the significant European leftists during the 1970s. At this time, most European leftwing groups as well as the nationalist factions adopted the Marighella Model based on the South American revolutionary leader, Carlos Marighella. The Marighella Model provided specific tactics for engaging in acts of terror based on the practical proposals of Marighella himself. Based on the model, Marighella sought to relocate violence to the urban centre from the rural areas. This strategy focused on initiating a terror campaign via small factions comprising urban guerillas. As such, violence was urban-based. Marighella focused on this strategy in order to reveal the oppressive and exploitive nature of the government to the unaware public. The Baader-Meinhof received inauguration in 1970. The perpetrators of this group were its founders, and they comprised Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler and Ulrike Meinhof. Also known as the Red Army Faction (RAF), the group portrayed itself as a communist urban guerrilla faction fighting against fascism in Germany. The main objective of the Baader-Meinhof gang involved eradicating the anti-imperialistic and conservative role that the German government played at that time. Furthermore, most German citizens expressed dissatisfaction with the government based on problems such as racism, sexism as well as anti-imperialism, which the government failed to address during the 1970s. Such reasons led to the terrorist attacks against government officials and conservative big heads from 1970 to 1998 leading to 34 deaths including secondary personnel. However, in 1998, the leftist group ceased its operations after delivering a communique to the press announcing its disbandment. Religious Terrorism: Iran’s State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism Religious terrorism embraces most aspects of ideological terrorism. This is because religious terror groups use religion as an ideology to perpetrate such acts. Nonetheless, there is still significant disparity between both classes of terrorism. Religious terrorism is the performance of acts of terror or violent acts against civilians and governments because of motives and objectives that possess a domineering religious temperament or influence. Specifically, religious terrorism is a category of political aggression influenced by an unconditional belief based on the assumption that a greater power has commanded such acts for the magnificence of the faith. Usually, violent behaviors based on faith will receive forgiveness from the greater power and may even incur gratification in another life. In the real meaning, a person’s religious faith justifies violence as long as the act expresses the will of the person’s deity. One of the main examples of religious terrorism involves state-sponsored religious terrorism. The sponsorship of terrorism is unlimited to facilitating ethnic or ideological movements. It also inculcates the funding of religious radical movements. An example of this is the case of Iran. In 1979, the republic of Iran assumed the role of a religious terror sponsor after overthrowing Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi’s monarchy and creating the Islamic Republic of Iran afterwards. The country has sponsored several factions famous for engaging in terror attacks. For instance, the Revolutionary Guards Corps’ member, Qods Force, endorses Islamic revolution globally and the emancipation of Jerusalem from Islam non-believers (O’Hern, 2012). Additionally, the officials of Iran have insinuated the creation of martyrdoms specifically designated for suicide terror acts against Israelis and Americans. A significant illustration of the nation’s support for politically sensitive factions comprises the benefaction and aid Iran provides for the Hezbollah Movement. The relationship between Hezbollah and Iran is vital since the faction played a crucial role in the political surroundings within the region. As a Shia movement, Hezbollah (Party of God) arose in order to support the Shia populace in Lebanon. The organization originated at the time of the Lebanon Civil War and the 1982 incursion of Israel as a sturdy symbol for Lebanon’s independence and a justice platform for the Lebanese Shia (Fattah Fierke, 2009). The group is accountable for numerous political terror acts in the 1980s and 1990s comprising kidnappings, suicide attacks and terror acts against Israelis. Iran also sponsors other terror groups in other regions such as Palestine in order to attack the Israelis dwelling in the West Bank and Gaza. Such groups comprise religious movements such as Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement). Nationalist Terrorism: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Nationalist terrorism is the use of violent acts because of motives based on nationalism. Usually, nationalist terrorists attempt to search for self-determination, which ranges from attaining significant autonomy to the creation of a fully independent and sovereign state. Based on this reason, nationalist terrorists also gain definition as ethnic separatists. Furthermore, nationalist terrorists frequently resist the notion of imperialism and other unlawful powers embraced by the government. Nationalist terrorism originates in the form of national, racial, devout or other classifying groups that feel that the government is oppressing them or denying their privileges, especially the privileges usually awarded to other people within the same state or nation. Based on such reasons, nationalist terrorists usually deem themselves as freedom fighters. They justify their acts of violence against the immediate government as acts of liberation especially for the minority or the larger populati on that possesses limited recognized national rights. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is an illustration of nationalist terrorism. Materializing from a history of violence sponsored by the state and ethnic discrimination, the LTTE are at the front of the modern Tamil nationalist movement. Their objective for this focuses mainly on the development of a segregated state within the eastern and northern regions of Sri Lanka. Based on their commitment towards armed struggle, the Tamils taking part in the faction receive a description by the state of Sri Lanka as terrorists. Regardless, the LTTE is indeed one of the most violent nationalist factions in South Asia. This is according to the considerable attacks it has committed against the Sri-Lankan government. In 1991, the LTTE assassinated the Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, in 1993 and 1994; the group also assassinated the state’s President, Ranasinghe Premadasa and the former Prime Minister, Dissanayake respectively (Hussain, 2010). The group is also responsible for the deaths of other prominent military and political persons. The LTTE is also a result of the ethnic dispute between the minority ethnic tribe, Tamils and the majority populace, the Sinhalese. Because of the government actions that encouraged violations of the privileges of Tamils from 1948 and 1977, a significant pool of unemployed and educated youth retaliated in 1972 under the leadership of Velupillai Prabhakaran (Hussain, 2010). The Tamil militant factions and the Tigers recognized the significance of developing a unique and separate Tamil northern province. This region would be significant based on security provisions and an unchallenged platform for supporting and directing LTTE attacks in the island. Additionally, the 1983 Sinhalese-Tamil riots polarized both tribes forcing half a million Tamils to seek refuge in Western nations and India. Because of this, the LTTE became able to support one of the most successful international terrorist networks. The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis Usually, the main assumption for terrorism involves whether terrorists are born or created during their lifetime. This assumption simply outlines terrorists are born and not configured by society. As such, the motives for their acts arise from the influence of natural endowments such as wealth. Nonetheless, the general hypotheses originating from terrorism allege that the society creates terrorists. Based on this, there are various hypotheses that seek to answer the reason behind the actions portrayed by different terrorists. One of the main hypotheses applicable to these cases is the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis. The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis is one of the most extensive approaches towards understanding terrorist acts. Ted Robert Gurr reformulated the proposition in 1970 based on the Relative-Deprivation hypothesis. Additionally, the assumption underwent reformulation in 1973 by J. C. Davies based on the effect of the gap between increasing expectations and satisfaction of needs (Hudson, 2010). The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis asserts that most incidences of frustration originate from a certain type of aggression. Based on this assumption, the theory assumes that the aggressive acts are a way of relieving the exasperated individuals from their frustrations to a certain extent. The primary concept of the hypothesis is that aggravations and tensions upsurge to a point that the individual cannot contain them. Therefore, in order to release such tensions, the individual channels them in a satisfactory way that relieves them of their vexations (Whitley Kite, 2010). As mentioned, the hypothesis originates from the Relative-Deprivation hypothesis. This theory surmises that individuals consistently compare what they possess and what they do not possess as they select their interests and standards. Additionally, they also compare their needs and wants with the actual or the imaginary (Connor, 2009). As such, they note the disparity between their inequalities, which leads them to express frustration based on this sense of injustice according to them. The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis argues that violent acts of terror arise from the exasperation arising from insufficient gratification of needs by political or economic systems. Simply, the theory asserts that terrorist or terrorist-related behavior arises from a range of economic, political or individual requirements or objectives. Furthermore, the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis alleges that terrorist behavior occurs because of the frustration that relates specifically to economic and political situations. These economic and political situations nurture considerable frustration, based on incessant marginalization and alienation, as such develop a desire to endorse change in a drastic way. For instance, the French Revolution of 1789 is an example of the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis. This is because the French Revolution arose out of the people’s frustrations with the ineptitude of King Louis XVI and the deterioration of the country’s aristocracy (Gough, 20 10). As a result, there was intense social and political upheaval against the monarch. In the case of the Baader-Meinhof gang, the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis applies significantly. As a leftist group, the Baader-Meinhof gang embraced the ideologies of the Marighella Urban Model. This is similar to other leftist groups in Europe that adopted the same representation in order to commit their acts of terror. The main ideology expressed by the Marighella Urban Model was repression by the government. Marighella surmised that violence via urban guerillas was the only way to make the public understand the authoritative and exploitive nature of the government. This was similar to the ideology articulated by the Red Army Faction in the 1970s. The members of the factions and the young public collectively disagreed with the authoritarian and oppressive structures in Germany that arose from Nazism. This is because the Nazi historical legacy separated the generations leading to amplified suspicion concerning dictatorial structures within the society. The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis also applies to some extent in the case of Iran. Most of the reasons for the support of terrorism by Iran involve political autonomy. Nonetheless, even though the country uses such reasons to perpetrate violence, the members of these terrorist groups focus on relieving their frustrations especially with the Israeli government. Accordingly, members of terror groups such as the Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and the Hamas focus on ridding Israeli civilians within Israeli-occupied areas such as Gaza and the West Bank. This is because of numerous years of intense alienation and marginalization. Such frustrations make members of the Islamic community a significant target especially for Iran’s political motivations based on the notion of religion. In the case of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the Frustration Aggression Hypothesis correlates with the motivations behind terror attacks committed against the Sri-Lankan and Indian government. The members of the terror group comprise the minority ethnic group, the Tamils. Because of years of breach of their rights by the government, most of them relieved their exasperations by joining the Tamil Tigers. Additionally, the Tamils felt that they received unequal treatment and benefit unlike their counterparts, the Sinhalese, who gained privileges from the government. This is an instance of the Relative-Deprivation hypothesis. By comparing their pathetic situation with the Sinhalese, the Tamils sought to expel their frustrations with the government based on the way it unfairly treated the Tamil population. In conclusion, terrorism is indeed a considerable anomaly in the modern society. However, it is evident that acts of terror also occurred in different historical periods because of specific reasons. Such reasons have transformed into ideological, religious and nationalist motives. Even though terror movements embrace such different motives in committing violent acts, the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis proves that underlying frustrations and grievances form part of the major reasons why various people engage in acts of terrorism. References Connor, T. (2009). The criminology of terrorism: Theories and models. In Borgeson, K., Valeri, R. (Eds.), Terrorism in America (17-54). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Fattah, K., Fierke, K. M. (2009). A Clash of Emotions: The Politics of Humiliation and Political Violence in the Middle East. European Journal of International Relations, 15(1), 67-93. Gough, H. (2010). The terror in the French Revolution. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Hudson, R. A. (2010). Sociology and psychology of terrorism. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers. Hussain, S. R. (2010). Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE): Failed Quest for a ‘Homeland’. In Mulaj, K. (Ed.), Violent Non-State Actors in World Politics (381-412). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. O’Hern, S. K. (2012). Iran’s Revolutionary Guard: The threat that grows while America sleeps. Washington, D.C: Potomac Books. White, J. R. (2012). Terrorism and homeland security. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Whitley, B. E., Kite, M. E. (2010). The psychology of prejudice and discrimination. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.